Representación de la violencia y del deseo en la novela negra en femenino

Este artículo pretende esbozar las aportaciones eróticas femeninas, todavía incipientes, en la novela negra francófona contemporánea. En un primer apartado, presentará el deseo en la novela negra, a menudo pornográfico y que corre paralelo a la violencia, un deseo masculino al que se pliegan las escritoras cuando no se decantan por la denuncia social. Después, intentará mostrar cómo, sin recurrir a la exaltación del pene ni a la brutalidad, las autoras procuran introducir otra sexualidad. Otra sexualidad no solo necesaria desde el punto de vista social sino que se convierte cada día en algo más rentable.This paper aims to present the first female erotic contributions to the contemporary French crime novel. Sexual desire is presented, although it is often pornographic and linked to the violence of a male demand governing female writers in fiction that tends to overlook social criticism. The paper analyses how, from the exaltation of the phallus and of violence, female crime writers attempt to introduce another kind of a much needed sexuality that becomes a social, and even a profitable, necessity

La descripción científico-técnica en inglés y en francés

Enginyeria Informàtica (Pla de 2001). II14: Anglès per a la Informàtica

Estrategia didáctica mediada por las TIC para el fortalecimiento de la comprensión lectora

Reading comprehension is understood as the ability of an individual to capture as objectively as possible what an author wants to convey through a written text and that this, in turn, is embedded within another broader concept, such as reading competence. From this point of reference, the purpose of the research was to develop a didactic strategy mediated by ICT to strengthen the reading comprehension of elementary school students; it is specifically contextualized in the Rodrigo de Bastidas District Educational Institution in Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia. We worked under a mixed approach and a descriptive-explanatory type of research with a pre-experimental design. For which a sample composed of 28 students and 6 teachers was selected in a nonprobabilistic and intentional way. A reading comprehension pre-test was applied to students, an observation sheet and a structured interview to teachers and, finally, a reading comprehension post-test and questionnaire were applied to students and teachers. Among the results, it is highlighted that, once the strategy was applied with the use of ICT, the students improved reading comprehension with respect to the results made in the diagnosis; that is, at the literal and inferential level there was an increase in the average performance from 39% to 53% and 25% to 57% respectively; and the critical level improved the high performance from 36% to 57%. As a conclusion, it was determined that the application of teaching strategies mediated by ICT strengthens reading comprehension, develops skills and abilities in students that contribute to the improvement of the reading process.La comprensión lectora es entendida como la capacidad de un individuo de captar lo más objetivamente posible lo que un autor quiere transmitir a través de un texto escrito y que ésta a su vez, se encuentra inmersa dentro de otro concepto más amplio, como lo es la competencia lectora. Desde este referente, la investigación tuvo como propósito desarrollar una estrategia didáctica mediada por las TIC para el fortalecimiento de la comprensión lectora de los estudiantes de básica primaria; específicamente se contextualiza en la Institución Educativa Distrital Rodrigo de Bastidas de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia. Se trabajó bajo un enfoque mixto y un tipo de investigación descriptivo- explicativo con diseño preexperimental. Para lo cual se seleccionó de manera no probabilística e intencional una muestra compuesta por 28 estudiantes y 6 docentes. Se aplicó un pretest de comprensión lectora a estudiantes, una ficha de observación y una entrevista estructurada a docentes y, por último, se aplicó un post test de comprensión lectora y cuestionario a estudiantes y docentes. Entre los resultados se destaca que, una vez aplicada la estrategia con el uso de las TIC, los estudiantes mejoraron la comprensión lectora con respecto a los resultados realizados en el diagnóstico; es decir, en el nivel literal e inferencial hubo aumento en el desempeño medio de 39% a 53% y 25% a 57% respectivamente; y el nivel crítico mejoró el desempeño alto de 36% a 57%. Como conclusión se determinó que la aplicación de estrategias didácticas mediadas por las TIC fortalece la comprensión lectora, desarrolla habilidades y capacidades en los estudiantes que contribuyen al mejoramiento del proceso lector

Disintegrability under composting conditions of plasticized PLA-PHB blends

The disintegration under composting conditions of films based on poly(lactic acid) poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PLA-PHB) blends and intended for food packaging was studied. Two different plasticizers, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and acetyl-tri-n-butyl citrate (ATBC), were used to limit the inherent brittleness of both biopolymers. Neat PLA, plasticized PLA and PLA-PHB films were processed by melt-blending and compression molding and they were further treated under composting conditions in a laboratory-scale test at 58 +/- 2 degrees C. Disintegration levels were evaluated by monitoring their weight loss at different times: 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Morphological changes in all formulations were followed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of plasticizers on the disintegration of PLA and PLA-PHB blends was studied by evaluating their thermal and nanomechanical properties by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the nanoindentation technique, respectively. Meanwhile, structural changes were followed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The ability of PHB to act as nucleating agent in PLA-PHB blends slowed down the PLA disintegration, while plasticizers speeded it up. The relationship between the mesolactide to lactide forms of PLA was calculated with a Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry device (Py-GC/MS), revealing that the mesolactide form increased during composting. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Authors thank Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness by financial support (MAT2011-28468-C02-01 and MAT2011-28468-C02-02). M.P. Arrieta thanks Generalitat Valenciana for Santiago Grisolia Fellowship (2011/007). Authors gratefully acknowledge Prof. Ma Dolores Salvador (Polytechnic University of Valencia) for her assistance with nanomechanical and optical microscope analysis.Arrieta, MP.; López Martínez, J.; Rayón Encinas, E.; Jiménez, A. (2014). Disintegrability under composting conditions of plasticized PLA-PHB blends. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 108:307-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.01.034S30731810

Enhancing the Thermal Stability of Polypropylene by Blending with Low Amounts of Natural Antioxidants

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Hernández-Fernández, Joaquín, Emilio Rayón, Juan López, and Marina P. Arrieta. 2019. Enhancing the Thermal Stability of Polypropylene by Blending with Low Amounts of Natural Antioxidants. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 304 (11). Wiley: 1900379. doi:10.1002/mame.201900379, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.201900379. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] Natural antioxidants are added in very low amounts to protect a polypropylene (PP) matrix against thermo-oxidative degradation during processing. Thus, PP is melt-blended with caffeic, chlorogenic, trans-ferrulic, and p-coumaric acids, and also with flavone and 3-hydroxyflavone at 0.1 wt% with respect to the PP matrix. Neat PP and PP blended with three traditional antioxidants are prepared for comparison. A complete structural, thermal, and mechanical characterization is conducted. Ferrulic acid and particularly caffeic acid increases the thermal stability, showing also the highest activation energy. The structural changes of PP-based films due to the polymer thermal degradation at high temperature (i.e., 400 degrees C) followed by FTIR reveal that antioxidants effectively delay the thermal degradation process. The wettability and the mechanical performance are also studied to get information regarding the industrial application of such films. While caffeic acid provides a more flexible material, ferrulic acid provides higher water resistance. Finally, AFM-QNM shows that PP with caffeic acid has the highest miscibility.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), PROMADEPCOL (MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R). M.P.A. thanks MINECO for Juan de la Cierva-incorporación postdoctoral contract (FJCI-2017-33536).Hernández-Fernández, J.; Rayón, E.; López-Martínez, J.; Arrieta, MP. (2019). Enhancing the Thermal Stability of Polypropylene by Blending with Low Amounts of Natural Antioxidants. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering. 304(11):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.201900379S1133041